{"id":140,"date":"2017-12-21T13:42:16","date_gmt":"2017-12-21T13:42:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pisces-il.com\/?p=140"},"modified":"2017-12-21T13:42:16","modified_gmt":"2017-12-21T13:42:16","slug":"the-impact-of-global-warming-on-cichlids-reproduction-in-the-lake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pisces-il.com\/he\/the-impact-of-global-warming-on-cichlids-reproduction-in-the-lake\/%20","title":{"rendered":"\u05d4\u05e9\u05e4\u05e2\u05ea \u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05db\u05d3\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05e2\u05dc \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9\u05d9\u05ea \u05d4\u05e6\u05d9\u05e7\u05dc\u05d9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05d0\u05d2\u05dd"},"content":{"rendered":"<span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">\u05d1\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1\u05d5\u05ea\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">\u05d4\u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05de\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d2\u05dc\u05d5\u05d1\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d1\u05de\u05d4\u05dc\u05da<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d4\u05de\u05d0\u05d4<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d4\u05e9\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05d0\u05d7\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea <\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">\u05d9\u05e9\u05e0\u05d4 \u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d9\u05d4<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05e9\u05dc 0.9<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05de\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea<\/span><span class=\"hps\">\u05e6\u05dc\u05e1\u05d9\u05d5\u05e1 \u05d1100 \u05de\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05e9\u05dc<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">,<\/span><span class=\"hps\">\u00a0\u05de\u05e4\u05dc\u05e1 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d2\u05dd.<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">\u05db\u05ea\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d4 \u05de\u05db\u05da<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">, \u05e0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8<\/span>\u00a0\u05d2\u05e8\u05d3\u05d9\u05d0\u05e0\u05d8 \u05e6\u05e4\u05d9\u05e4\u05d5\u05ea \u05d7\u05d3\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d1\u05d9\u05df<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05e9\u05db\u05d1\u05ea<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e9\u05db\u05d1\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4, \u05d5\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05db\u05da \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05d0\u05e0\u05db\u05d9 \u05d7\u05dc\u05e9 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8. \u05e7\u05e6\u05d1 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3 \u05d5\u05d7\u05d3\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e0\u05db\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d7\u05de\u05e6\u05df \u05dc\u05e9\u05db\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8, \u05de\u05e6\u05d8\u05de\u05e6\u05de\u05ea. \u05d0\u05d2\u05dd \u05d8\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d5\u05e7\u05e1\u05d9(\u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d7\u05de\u05e6\u05df) \u05db\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05dc\u05db\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05e7\u05d5(\u05d4\u05d7\u05dc \u05de100 \u05de\u05d8\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05da), \u05dc\u05db\u05df \u05e6\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e8\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05d6 \u05d4\u05d7\u05de\u05e6\u05df \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05de\u05e1 \u05d1\u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05d8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">,<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">and<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">the deep<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05dc\u05d9\u05d5\u05e0\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e9\u05db\u05d1\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4, \u05d5\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05db\u05da \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05d0\u05e0\u05db\u05d9 \u05d7\u05dc\u05e9 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8. \u05e7\u05e6\u05d1 \u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3 \u05d5\u05d7\u05d3\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4 \u05d0\u05e0\u05db\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d7\u05de\u05e6\u05df \u05dc\u05e9\u05db\u05d1\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8, \u05de\u05e6\u05d8\u05de\u05e6\u05de\u05ea. \u05d0\u05d2\u05dd \u05d8\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d5\u05e7\u05e1\u05d9(\u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d7\u05de\u05e6\u05df) \u05db\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05dc\u05db\u05dc \u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05e7\u05d5(\u05d4\u05d7\u05dc \u05de100 \u05de\u05d8\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05da), \u05dc\u05db\u05df \u05e6\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e8\u05d9\u05db\u05d5\u05d6 \u05d4\u05d7\u05de\u05e6\u05df \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05de\u05e1 \u05d1\u05de\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05e7 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05d8\u05d9 \u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05d5\u05d8\u05d4 \u05d4\u05e7\u05d9\u05d9\u05de\u05ea.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">,<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">\u05dc\u05e9\u05db\u05d1\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d4\u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05e7\u05d4,<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d5\u05e2\u05e7\u05d1 \u05db\u05da<\/span>\u00a0\u05e2\u05e8\u05d1\u05d5\u05dc \u05d0\u05e0\u05db\u05d9 \u05d7\u05dc\u05e9<span class=\"hps\"> \u05d9\u05d5\u05ea\u05e8.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05e7\u05e6\u05d1<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d4\u05ea\u05d7\u05d3\u05e9\u05d5\u05ea<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d4\u05e0\u05d5\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05d9\u05e0\u05d8\u05d9\u05dd<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d9\u05d5\u05e8\u05d3 \u05d5\u05d7\u05d3\u05d9\u05e8\u05d4<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">,<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d0\u05e0\u05db\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">\u05d7\u05de\u05e6\u05df<\/span><span class=\"hps\">\u05d8\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d0\u05d2\u05dd \u05d8\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d5\u05e7\u05e1\u05d9(\u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d7\u05de\u05e6\u05df)<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05db\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05dc\u05db\u05dc<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05e7\u05d5(\u05d4\u05d7\u05dc \u05de100 \u05de\u05d8\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d0\u05d9\u05dc\u05da<\/span>),\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05dc\u05db\u05df \u05e6\u05de\u05e6\u05d5\u05dd \u05e0\u05d5\u05e1\u05e3<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">all<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">\u05e2\u05d5\u05de\u05e7\u05d5<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps atn\">(<\/span>\u05d0\u05d2\u05dd \u05d8\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">,<\/span>\u00a0\u05d4\u05d5\u05d0 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d5\u05e7\u05e1\u05d9(\u05dc\u05dc\u05d0 \u05d7\u05de\u05e6\u05df<span class=\"hps\">)<\/span>\u05db\u05de\u05e2\u05d8 \u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">reduction<\/span>\u00a0of\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">the<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">concentration of<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">dissolved\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">oxygen in<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">deep water<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">is critical to<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">the existing<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">biotic<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">.<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">At a depth<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">of<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">,<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">and lower,<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">nutrients<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">rise<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">up<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">through<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">the vertical<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">mixing<\/span>\u00a0that occurs mainly<span class=\"hps\"> due to<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">the southeastern<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">trade winds<\/span>, which\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">weakened<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">following the<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">warming<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">of the area<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">. This Vertical<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">mixing<\/span>\u00a0rising up\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">these<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">nutrients<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">with it and\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">\u05d0\u05d2\u05dd \u05d8\u05e0\u05d2\u05e0\u05d9\u05e7\u05d4<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">the main reason for<\/span><span class=\"hps\">\u00a0primary production<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">in the upper water<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">level of the<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">lake.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">As a result of<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">nutrient<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">depletion<\/span>, <\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\">the amount of zooplankton<span class=\"hps\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">is significantly<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">decreased<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">. There has been a<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">serious impact on<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">the food chain<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">at the<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">upper water level<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">due to<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">starvation<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">of<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">zooplanktivorous fish.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">Phytoplankton<\/span>\u00a0biomass which\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">was measured<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">in 2000<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">was lower<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">by 70<\/span>%\u00a0compared to the<span class=\"hps\">\u00a0biomass<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">measured<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">in 1975<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">. Phytoplankton<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">composition<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">changed when<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">cyanobacteria<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">turn<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">and<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">become<\/span>\u00a0dominates<span class=\"hps\"> the<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">earth&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">warming<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">continues<\/span>.<\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">\r\n<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\nThere are\u00a0<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">several<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">implications for<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">global<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">warming-\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">juvenile and zooplanktivorous fish<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\">\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">suffer from<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">starvation<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">resulting in<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">extensive<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">mortality<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">than<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">in previous years.<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">\u00a0Also<\/span>,\u00a0due to rising water<span class=\"hps\"> temperature<\/span>, the <span class=\"hps\">reproductive<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">period<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">of<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">cichlids<\/span>\u00a0that\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">require<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">a specific<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">range of temperatures<\/span><span class=\"hps\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">to breed narrows down.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hps\">As a result<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">these<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">species<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">abundancy<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">shrinking<\/span> which\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">also<\/span>\u00a0affects negatively on\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">the<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"hps\">aquatic food chain<\/span>.<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"As a result of the\u00a0global warming,\u00a0during the\u00a0past\u00a0century, there&#8217;s a rise\u00a0of 0.9\u00a0degreesCelsius in the\u00a0upper\u00a0100 meters\u00a0water level of the lake. This results in a\u00a0sharp\u00a0density gradient\u00a0between\u00a0the upper\u00a0water\u00a0layer\u00a0and\u00a0the deep\u00a0water\u00a0layer. Nutrient\u00a0regeneration\u00a0rate decreases and the\u00a0vertical\u00a0penetration\u00a0of oxygen in\u00a0the deeper\u00a0layer,\u00a0reduced. LakeTanganyika\u00a0is\u00a0anoxic\u00a0(no\u00a0oxygen),\u00a0for almost\u00a0all\u00a0its depth\u00a0(from\u00a0100 meters\u00a0and down),\u00a0thus further\u00a0reduction\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0concentration of\u00a0dissolved\u00a0oxygen in\u00a0deep water\u00a0is critical to\u00a0the existing\u00a0biotic. At a depth\u00a0of\u00a0100 meters\u00a0and lower,\u00a0nutrients\u00a0rise\u00a0up\u00a0through\u00a0the vertical\u00a0mixing\u00a0that occurs mainly due to\u00a0the southeastern\u00a0trade [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pisces-il.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pisces-il.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pisces-il.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pisces-il.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pisces-il.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=140"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pisces-il.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":141,"href":"https:\/\/pisces-il.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140\/revisions\/141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pisces-il.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pisces-il.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pisces-il.com\/he\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}